Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty

Accepting Expression:

- I’m certain.

- Of course

- I am sure.

- It is confirmed.

- No doubt about it.

Declining Expression:

- I’m not certain.

- I am not sure.

- I doubt about it.

- I don’t know

Example :

 1. Peter : Are you sure air pollution is more dangerous for the children?

     Jim     : Yes, I'm quite sure. It causes the illness for them.

2.  Anne : Are you sure all the garbage is easy to destroy?

    Marry : No, I doubt about it. The garbage like plastics is difficult to destroy

Bargaining

How to asking the price is:

   - How much is it ?

   - How much does it costs ?

   - What does this book/sweater/shoes/dress/etc costs ?

   - How much is this book/sweater/shoes/dress/etc ?

   - How much is that altogether ?

   - How much do these pens costs ?

   - How much will that be altogether ? 

If you do bargaining:

   - How about ................. dollars ?

   - How about ................. rupiahs ?

   - Can you make it lower ?

   - Can you lower the price?

   - Can you give me a discount ?

   - Is there any discount ?

   - That's too expensive, how about Rp. .............. ?

   - Oh, that's rather expensive, how about ................... ?

   - Is there any discount for this dress/shirt/sweater/etc ?

What do you say if you as a seller accept the bargaining ?

For Accepting Bargaining:

   - Yes, I'll give you ................. % discount.

   - That's ok.

   - Well, just a little.

   - Just for you, madam/sir. ..................

To Declining :

   - I'm sorry, it's the fixed price.

   - I'm affraid you can't bargain.

   - I'm sorry, we don't put discount on this product.

Example:

In a departement store

Shirley           :  This is nice material. What is it ?

Shopkeeper :  It's cotton 

Shirley           :  How much is it ?

Shopkeeper :  It's very good material. It's four dollars a metre

Shirley           :  Four dollars! That's too expensive. But it's very attractive.

Shopkeeper :  How much can you pay, madam ?

Shirley           :  I'll pay three dollars a metre.

Shopkeeper :  I'll make a special price for you, madam.

                           Three dollars seventy five a metre.

Shirley           :  How about three dollars fifty ?

Shopkeeper :  Just for you, madam. Three dollars fifty cens a metre.

Giving Invitation

Expressing Giving Invitation

Giving Invitation Example:

   - Could you come to my party ?

   - Would you mind coming over on Saturday night ? 

   - Would you like to come to my birthday party  on .......... ?

   - How about going out for lunch to gather this afternoon  ?

   - I'd like you to ......... ?

   - Can you ............ ?

   - How would you like to ................... ?

   - Would you like to come to my place for dinner tonight, please ?

   - Why don't you join me for lunch/ dinnner ?

   - I'd like to invite you to see our school/factory/office/ while you're in Bali/etc?

   - Would you come with me to the cinema tomorrow ?

   - etc.

 Response:

·  Thank you for your invitation I'll happy to come/join/dinner/lunch/etc.

·  That's very kind of you.

·  That sound wonderful, I'll happy to come/ join/ etc.

·  I'd love to go with you.

·  Certainly, I'd love to go/ come/ join/ etc.

·  etc.

Declining Response :

.  Thank you but I'm sorry, I'm affraid I can't...

·  Thank you for your invitation but I don't think I can make it.

·  I'd love to but I can't. I have other plans.

·  That's very kind of you, but I'm affraid my schedule is booked up all next week/

   next Sunday/ tomorrow/ Saturday night/ etc.

·  I'm sorry, but I have other plans. Thank you anyway.

.  I'd like to, but tomorrow I would prefer to stay at home

Contoh percakapan:

 Jaya Invites may to go to a movie

Jaya   : Hi,May.There will be a great Horror movies  tonight.its about Zombie.

Would you like to go to the movie with me?

May    : That sounds great.When will you pick me up ?

Jaya   : I will pick you at at 07.00.Be Ready,ok.!

May    : Alright.

Noun Clause

Pengertian Noun Clause

§  Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).

§  Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagaisubject maupun object didalam suatu clause atauphrase lain.

§  Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun “it“.

Pengertian Noun Clause

§  Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).

§  Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagaisubject maupun object didalam suatu clause atauphrase lain.

§  Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun “it“.

Contoh:

§  I forgot the fact. (noun)

§  I forgot it. (pronoun)

§  I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)

Pengertian Noun Clause

§  Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).

§  Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagaisubject maupun object didalam suatu clause atauphrase lain.

§  Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun “it“.

Contoh:

§  I forgot the fact. (noun)

§  I forgot it. (pronoun)

§  I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)

Rumus Noun Clause

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause pada clause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut:

Marker

Detail

Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat

Question Word

Question word:

what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc),

who(ever),

whose,

whom(ever),

which(ever),

where(ever),

when(ever),

how (long, far, many times, old, etc)

The class listened carefully what the teacher instructed.

(Seluruh kelas mendengarkan dengan teliti apa yang guru instruksikan.)

The kitten followed wherever the woman went.

(Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)

Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success.

(Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)

 If atau whether

biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaanyes-no question

Where does Leo live?

(Dimana leo tinggal?)I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta.

(Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)

Is Leo live on Dewi Sartika Street?

(Apakah Leo tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not.

atau

I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street.

(Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)

   That

Biasanya that-clause untukmental activity. Berikut daftar verb pada main clause yang biasanya diikuti that-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think

I think that the group will arrive in an hour.

(Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)

Many people proved that the man was a big liar.

(Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.

Fungsi

Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat

  Subject of a Verb

  What she cooked was delicious.

  That today is his birthday is not right.

  Subject complement

  The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

  A teacher must be whoever is patient.

  Object of a Verb

  Diana believes that her life will be happier.

  I want to know how Einstein thought.

  Object of apreposition

  The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.

  He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.

Fungsi

Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat

  Subject of a Verb

  What she cooked was delicious.

  That today is his birthday is not right.

  Subject complement

  The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

  A teacher must be whoever is patient.

  Object of a Verb

  Diana believes that her life will be happier.

  I want to know how Einstein thought.

  Object of apreposition

  The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.

  He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

§  I forgot the fact. (noun)

§  I forgot it. (pronoun)

§  I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)

Rumus Noun Clause

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause pada clause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut:

Marker

Detail

Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat

Question Word

Question word:

what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc),

who(ever),

whose,

whom(ever),

which(ever),

where(ever),

when(ever),

how (long, far, many times, old, etc)

The class listened carefully what the teacher instructed.

(Seluruh kelas mendengarkan dengan teliti apa yang guru instruksikan.)

The kitten followed wherever the woman went.

(Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)

Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success.

(Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)

 If atau whether

biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaanyes-no question

Where does Leo live?

(Dimana leo tinggal?)I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta.

(Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)

Is Leo live on Dewi Sartika Street?

(Apakah Leo tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not.

atau

I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street.

(Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)

   That

Biasanya that-clause untukmental activity. Berikut daftar verb pada main clause yang biasanya diikuti that-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think

I think that the group will arrive in an hour.

(Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)

Many people proved that the man was a big liar.

(Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.

Fungsi

Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat

  Subject of a Verb

  What she cooked was delicious.

  That today is his birthday is not right.

  Subject complement

  The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.

  A teacher must be whoever is patient.

  Object of a Verb

  Diana believes that her life will be happier.

  I want to know how Einstein thought.

  Object of apreposition

  The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.

  He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

§  Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).

§  Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagaisubject maupun object didalam suatu clause atauphrase lain.

§  Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat digantikan dengan pronoun “it“.

Contoh:

§  I forgot the fact. (noun)

§  I forgot it. (pronoun)

§  I forgot that the fact was very important. (noun clause)

Rumus Noun Clause

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause pada clause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut: 

Marker	Detail	Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat
Question Word	Question word: what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc), who(ever), whose, whom(ever), which(ever), where(ever), when(ever), how (long, far, many times, old, etc)	The class listened carefully what the teacher instructed. (Seluruh kelas mendengarkan dengan teliti apa yang guru instruksikan.)
		The kitten followed wherever the woman went. (Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)
		Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success. (Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)
If atau whether	biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaanyes-no question	Where does Leo live? (Dimana leo tinggal?)I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta. (Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)
		Is Leo live on Dewi Sartika Street? (Apakah Leo tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?)I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not. atau I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street. (Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)
That	Biasanya that-clause untukmental activity. Berikut daftar verb pada main clause yang biasanya diikuti that-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think	I think that the group will arrive in an hour. (Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)
		Many people proved that the man was a big liar. (Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Fungsi Noun Clause

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat dari setiap fungsi noun clause.

Fungsi	Contoh Noun Clause dalam Kalimat
Subject of a Verb	What she cooked was delicious.
	That today is his birthday is not right.
Subject complement	The fact is that she is smart and dilligent.
	A teacher must be whoever is patient.
Object of a Verb	Diana believes that her life will be happier.
	I want to know how Einstein thought.
Object of apreposition	The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.
	He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.

To Do List

1. Create Blog for English Lesson.

2. Create Video for KWH lesson.

3. Sport test for Sport lesson.

4. Study about inductive and deductive for Indonesian language lesson.

5. Study on chapter 4 , for Natural science lesson.

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